Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Survey - Article Example Thus, the market encounters a disequilibrium condition regarding either surpluses or shortages (Yetter, 2013). Given that, gracefully and request appraisal can be very mind boggling, the pamphlet encourages the peruser to isolate changes in both interest and flexibly from exercises close by gracefully and request bends. The bulletin offers a reasonable importance in regards to two types of government intercessions inside the business sectors, including value controls and amount controls. One significant speculation reasoned from the bulletin is that administration value floors will in general structure surpluses, since they place costs higher than harmony cost. Therefore, the amount of products or administration provided outperforms amount requested. Then again, government value roofs will in general structure deficiencies since they foundation costs lower than harmony, and thus, the amount requested outperforms amount provided. Be that as it may, Mishkin and Eakins (2012), sees that the semi-solid diagram in productive market theory is the one that makes the current market costs to reflect data effectively present in the open space. This is on the grounds that market costs will in general conform to any great data or terrible news contained in the exhibition of the economy. Accordingly, if a value roof forced by the legislature gets more prominent than showcase balance value, at that point the value roof would have no impact on the economy. In any case, Yetter agrees with Mishkin and Eakins that in current market economy, costs fill the pair need of imparting signs in regards to relative scarceness of the two merchandise and ventures (2012). This is all the more so through the arrangement of motivating forces to the two purchasers and dealers. In this manner, there will be no gracefully limitations or support sought after. Both see that the value roof will hold, just when the harmony cost is higher than the value roof, and combined with a lack of the administr ation or products. Besides, the pamphlet states that, on the off chance that administration makes showcase costs to be higher than balance costs, at that point an excess will follow. This is on the grounds that more individuals will offer the administrations at the very least value, contrasted with the quantity of individuals ready to pay for the administration. Yetter contention can be seen in the current human services showcase, whereby states governments, which bring about the vast majority of their residents’ social insurance bills, have made costs to increment (2013). Thusly, the significant expenses make the state governments to actualize value controls, to such an extent that huge doctor deficiency happens and which prompts enormous lines and patients holding up records. In that capacity, just value tops authorized by government will just power the human services costs to come back to freed advertise rates. Along these lines, the issue becomes whether government mediat ion will influence the interest and gracefully of medicinal services considering the sweeping government guidelines, for example, Obama-care. Yetter in the pamphlet sees that any expansion in foreseen cost will change the flexibly bend towards the right (2012). Yetter brings up that on account of carriers things, in the event that legislature authorizes a cost floor because of expanding charges, at that point travelers will build the quantity of stuff extensively, with the end goal that aircrafts can make accessible space to be generally fixed while declining to investigate extra stuff. In this manner, in medicinal services paid by government, the vast majority will be obliged to buy protection as opposed to purchasing as you go, and which

Hephaistos: The Obscure Greek God :: Greek Mythology

Hephaistos: The Obscure Greek God Greeks are known for some things. We know them for their verse, for their way of thinking, their legislative issues - and furthermore we have come to know them for their immature, frivolous, licentious, little divine beings. These divine beings, vindictive in the outrageous, have been a wellspring of much writing. Be that as it may, not all the divine beings have a similar exposure operator, and have languished in lack of clarity over excessively long. One of these divine beings, one of the Twelve Olympians, has been dark at all. He is diverse in many manners from different divine beings, and I am here to light up him further to you. His name? Hephaistos. This god will shock you. He really appears to have a rough comical inclination. He doesn’t appear to be malignant, or extremely keen on the lives of humans. He was straightforward, and he was revolting. It was as fundamental as that. All things considered, he makes them intrigue legacy, allows find to out. Initially, there is an intriguing arrangement of realities about the principal snapshots of life for Hephaistos. At some point, Zeus made Hera somewhat envious (as siblings and sisters in Kentucky can be) when Zeus was resting around with one or the other female as different wild creatures. All things considered, Hera was chafed so a lot, that she unexpectedly imagined a kid. I couldn't imagine anything better than to see something to that effect. She considered and when Zeus saw that Hera was pregnant, he was irate himself. Minutes after the fact, she brought forth Hephaistos. In any case, he was so revolting and had an awful leg, that Hera hurled him to earth and denied his introduction to the world. It must be noticed that there seems to be an inconsistency. A few writings infer that Zeus hurled him to earth rather than Hera. He arrived on the island of Lemnos (Seltman 99). That is the reason the individuals of Lemnos were his top choices and that was the reason he generally went to unwind and recover. All things considered, subsequent to being hurled into the sea, Thetis got him and dealt with him. Thetis is a similar goddess who was mother of Achilles. Anyway, she dealt with him, and he began making decent gems for her to wear. At some point, she went to court with different divine beings, and all the ladies saw the pretty knick-knacks that were enhancing Thetis. After they discovered that it was tragically deceased Hephaistos, Hera proceeded to request that he come to Olympus.

French Baby Talk - Les Mots Des Bébés

French Baby Talk - Les Mots Des Bã ©bã ©s Much the same as some other children around the globe, French kids utilize a jargon that is very not quite the same as what a grown-up says. Most are two syllable words, frequently a similar syllable rehashed twice. Or then again with a slight variety, similarly as in Maman and Papa. Rundown of French Baby Talk Words AreuhYes, the primary sound a French child does is a genuine test for English speakers! It doesnt mean anything. Its like gaga goo-goo, yet that is the thing that French individuals state to an infant - I surmise they also need however much preparing as could reasonably be expected on this French R sound!​ Maman Young children may state mom however the French word is maman. There is no shorter form, for example, Mom. PapaThats Daddy. Once more, no Dad, Pops and so on in French Goodbye/tatieFor Auntie. Its short for une tante. TontonShort for oncle. Mà ©mà ©Short for Mamie, yet numerous children call their grandmother mã ©mã ©. Different words incorporate great mã ¨re, bonne-maman... Note that une mã ©mã © can have various implications in French, for example, an old individual, or a little youngster that goes into mischief... Ma fille est une vraie mã ©mã © !My girl is actually a difficulty creator (however in an adorable way). Pà ©pà ©Short for Papi (or Papy) - formal French would be le amazing pã ¨re or Grand-Papa, Bon Papa... Le loloLe lait. Le dodoThe demonstration of dozing, or heading to sleep. We state: Au dodo ! Get the opportunity to bed! Le nounoursThis one originates from un our own and in the two words, you ought to articulate the last S. Its, obviously, a teddy bear. Le doudouIts not what you think... Un doudou is really a squishy toy or teddy, or security blanket a child lays down with. Not to be mixed up with...  Le caca/le popoWhich is crap. Marry say faire caca. Le pipiMore of nearly the equivalent... that is pee :- ) Again, we state faire pipi - to go small. Le proutThis one is a fart. The conventional French word would be une tooting (formal) or un pet (basic French) Le ziziWeenie, penis. La zã ©zette is for young ladies. Allows change to subject, will we? Un dadaA horse. dada implies on your pony - it might originate from an old melody, Im not certain. Un toutouA hound. I dont think there is a particular French child word for feline. I surmise un visit is sufficiently straightforward. After Papa et Maman (and obviously non) visit was the main expression of my girl. The following one was papillon (butterfly). Un boboAlmost like in English, a boo-boo.â Voil, presently youre prepared to deal with a French child!

A Study Conducted in the Context of Denmark Research - 9350 Words

How Non-Chinese Employees respond to the Chinese Paternalistic Leadership: A Study Conducted in the Context of Denmark (Research Paper Sample) Content: How Non-Chinese Employees respond to the Chinese Paternalistic Leadership: A Study Conducted in the Context of DenmarkName of StudentInstitutionCourseLecturerDate of SubmissionIntroductionBackgroundThe Chinese economic reforms that started in 1978 have led China into new and far-reaching economic milestones. The reforms role in integrating the Chinese economy with the global economy has proved to be of much importance for both China and other countries. According to Schortgen (2009), the reforms plus the Chinese governments effort towards restructuring the Chinese economy have led China into attaining more internationally accepted standards and norms of business interaction, and increasing market-conforming business strategies. For instance, the countrys joining of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 played a crucial role in streamlining Chinese business strategies, norms and standards with those that are internationally accepted. This membership, and other r eforms that China has carried out since 1978 have also encouraged a rapid increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); moving both in China from other countries, and out of China to other Countries. Although the current inward FDI is more than the outward FDI CITATION FSc09 \l 1033 (Schortgen, 2009), the latter has been very important to Chinas economic growth. Owing in mind to this, it is highly important for the country to find ways through which it can boost its past border investments.Following Chinas membership to the WTO in 2011, its total outward FDI increased from $2.5 billion in 2002 to $11.3 billion in 2005, $32.4 billion in 2006, and to $90 billion in 2007CITATION Ann12 \p 3 \l 1033 (Westenholz, 2012, p. 3). This trend represents a rapid increase in the outward FDI because it shows increasing marginal increases in the increase of FDI as time goes by. A research conducted by Busch et al. (2013), also indicates increasing marginal increases in both the Chinese FDI in Germ any and the German FDI in China in the period occurring from1990 to 2009. Graph 1 below indicates this trend. According to Busch et al. (2013), this increase in FDI has contributed a lot towards improving relations between China and Germany. Essentially, each of this countries continually integrate in each others culture, ways of living, and ways of doing business. Therefore, it is very important for China to establish ways of strengthening this relationship in order to maintain Germany as an ally.Graph SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Chinese FDI in Germany and the German FDI in China (Busch et al., 2013)The rapid rise in both the Chinese investment to other countries and foreign investment into China in the last 30-35 years has created a greater need to understand the Chinese business environment. Specifically, understanding Chinese organizational leadership behaviors is of much importance to the success of both Chinese investors in foreign countries, and foreign investors into China. Thi s aspect is true because of the one widely known reason, that leadership is the ultimate determinant of the success of business organizations.Leadership as a social process is a universal phenomenon that goes beyond national boundaries (Anne et al., 2000). While many authors have found this information to be true CITATION Jii00 \l 1033 \m Rem13 \m Mar122(Farh Cheng, 2000; Iliesa, et al., 2013; Mendenhalla, et al., 2012), leadership styles, conceptions, and practices still vary widely across cultures. For instance, most organization working under the Western and the European cultures advocate for leadership styles that allow more collaboration between the leader and the subordinates, less superiority of the leader, more persuasiveness from the leader, and more participation of the subordinates in decision making CITATION Ayo12 \l 1033 (Benson, 2012). Such leadership styles include: the transformational, the participative, and the behavioral leadership styles. On the other hand, m ost organizations operating under the African and Asian cultures are headed through leadership styles that allow more superiority to the leaders, less involvement of the subordinates, and more centralized decision making CITATION Ayo12 \l 1033 (Benson, 2012). Such leadership styles include: the authoritative, the transactional, the situational, the paternalistic, and the great man leadership styles.The US transformational leadership is the worlds most prevalent leadership style in the organizational context. In fact, almost all of the current theories and models of organizational leadership are dominated by formulations of US researchers and authors, who seem to favor the transformational leadership more than the others. Additionally, the other leadership styles preferred by people working under the US and European cultures are also dominant over those that are preferred by the Asian and African cultures. Actually, most Asian, European, and African learning institutions teach orga nizational leadership-related subjects in favor of the Western-related leadership styles, theories and models. For these reasons, many business organizations across the globe adopt Western leadership styles without even investigating whether these styles fit well with the cultures that the organizations are operating in. In the context of the Chinese culture, most of the previously conducted empirical research on leadership styles has been based on Western theories and models. Although this kind of research is effective for testing the applicability of the Western leadership styles in Chinese organizations, it is not effective in helping to understand the leadership conditions of the Chinese organizations. As many authors have noted, the cultural differences of Asia and the US are the deepest CITATION Yue11 \l 1033 \m Sha14 \m Shi11(Li, 2011; Luo, 2014; Xiumei Jinying, 2011). In this regard, the indiscriminate use of Chinese leadership models and theories in empirical research un dermine the role of China as a key player in the international market. While this situation is occurring, Chinas investment in other countries and foreign investment in China is currently increasing at the fastest rate. Specifically, the rapid rise in Chinas investment to other countries is raising organizational leadership concerns because Chinese investors to foreign countries are taking with them a much distinct style of leadership from the widely-accepted Western leadership styles. This leadership style, known as the paternalistic leadership style, has been popular only among organizations in China for a long time. However, the rapid establishment of Chinese organizations and subsidiaries in other countries in the last 30-35 years, has made this style of leadership one of the most popular in the world. In fact, recent studies have found that the Chinese Paternalistic leadership has become the most prevalent style of leadership among business organizations in countries such as In donesia, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines, Pakistan, Japan, India, among other countries neighboring China (,,,,,). Studies have also shown a rising influence of this leadership style in the business sectors of some European, Western, and African countries. The worst thing about this situation is that this style of leadership has not been properly understood and experienced by non-Chinese employees. Essentially, only a few researchers have studied this style of leadership and its effectiveness in different countries. Therefore, the increasing global popularity of this leadership style is a critical issue that needs investigation.The paternalistic leadership is a managerial approach that involves a leader who possess authority like that of a matriarch or patriarch, and treats employees as if they were members of a large or extended family. When using this leadership style, the leader is a dominant figure and he/she expects loyalty, obedience, and trust from the employees. Al though the employees are allowed to contribute towards decision making, the leader is the ultimate decision maker, and he/she can denounce the contributions of all the employees and pass a decision that is completely different from their point of view. In essence, employees working under a paternalistic leader assume that the leader knows what is best for the company and it is up to them to uphold what he or she passes as the way forward. This leadership style contains three dimensions of leadership including authoritarian, benevolent and moral. These dimensions will be discussed further in both the literature review and the discussion sections of this thesis.Statement of the ProblemCompared to Western and European companies and investors, Chinese companies and investors have been observed to perform poorly in foreign countries. According to (----), one of the most prevalent reasons for the poor performance of these companies and investors is the cultural difference between China an d the other countries. Essentially, the Chinese culture has not globalized as much as the Western and the European cultures, which means that it is not as much globally popular as the European and the Western culture. In fact, learning institutions in most Asian countries learn the Western culture more than they study the Chinese culture, despite China being a neighboring country to most of them. Actually, Chinese learning institutions also teach a lot of the Western and European cultures. This difference has become a problem because organizational leaders from China choose to maintain their own cultural and leadership qualities in the foreign countries thus creating a cultural conflict between the employees culture and the organizational culture.Leaders...

Fall of Enron - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1190 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Business Essay Level High school Topics: Enron Essay Did you like this example? The documentary The Smartest Guys in the Room talks about the corrupt practices by executives of the seventh most important corporation in the United States named Enron and how this led to its bankruptcy. In the beginning this company was only dedicated to the energy business, however, after its consolidation in 1985 with Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth it focused towards other business-related activities. From Enrons distribution and transmission of energy and gas, to the development of energy plants around the globe, it ultimately contributed to their exponential growth in the market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fall of Enron" essay for you Create order Even after the massive fraud committed by the companys top executives such as Ken Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow, Lou Pai, their unethical practices resulted to be detrimental not only for them but also for their employees and shareholders. Without regard from Enrons values these executives wanted to keep on profiting from the company for personal gain. In less than a year, the fall of Enron created a severe international impact. This left tremendous repercussions in respect to the energy markets. Because of Enrons bankruptcy nearly all employees lost their jobs, which means they also lost access to their pension salaries. Additionally, the companies which had contracts with Enron suffered a loss in revenue beside the employee layoff. The film explains two important strategies that unpack the reasons for Enrons end. First, there is the practice of the mark-to-market accounting; a subjective method by which they count non-existing profits. Throughout, the film it is more commonly known as Hypothetical Future Value (HFV). Enrons executives used HFV to overcome the losses that were generated by previous frauds in the oil industry, ones which were committed by some of Enrons important public figures. Jeff Skilling, former CEO of the company, introduced the calculus of HFV. To be more specific, it consisted on the alteration of documents that indicated Enrons financial status. The company would earn considerable amounts of profit when in reality the documents did not reflect their economic situation. According to the film, the possibility of booking a potential future profit was done on the same day they signed a deal. The irregularities investigated by authorities established that the company was earning high profits that were statistically impossible because of the industry in which they were immersed. To the world, Enron possessed the benefits they claimed to have. So, because of the alleged revenue they gained, multiple stockholders invested in the company to the point where they received appraisal from Wall Street. It is important to highlight the fact that Enrons workplace transformed into an environment where ethical egoism reigned. This is can be seen in the matter that Enron transgressed all the principles and professional ethics a company should have. The top executives lost their integrity by making dishonest decisions based on their long-term and self-interested reasons, which in this case was their self-enrichment. This showed their lack of responsibility and loyalty with their customers but especially the lack of their good faith and honesty. Jeff Skillings favorite book The Selfish Gene played an important role in Enrons path. The book is about the way in which greed and competition led human nature, which represents what happened with those who held the reins of the company. The compelling notions Skilling derived from the book and his highly competitive vision is what helped him design the system by which he would guide Enron. This system is known as: Performance Review Committee (PRC), which was introduced in the documentary as the second strategy. This system promoted an intense competition between co-workers, where they would be rated in a scale from 1 to 5 (1 as in less productive and 5 as in most productive). Approximately 10% of Enrons employees who were qualified as 5 would be fired because the company did not want intelligent people catching on to the false data they were providing. With this system, Enron measured their employees performance by analyzing the amount of profits they could produce. So, the higher an employees PRC score went, the higher the probability was that he or she would be dismissed. This constant and fierce competition is an ethical trap because ones values are at stake. An ethical trap consists when two codes of ethics are in conflict which causes a moral dilemma. This can be seen in the matter that they were told to do better but if they did they would be fired. According to the text Intro to Business Law, as well as its definition, the trap reduces a persons sense of morality. This happened at Enron because employees were involved in a striking rivalry between them and they would not stop at any cost. This was done with the purpose of producing more profit for the company. In reality, it is true that people are naturally competitive. However, employees at Enron were so influenced by the system that even though they wanted to be better than their co-workers, in the long run that costed them their job because of the principles the company strived to look for in thei r workers. Another vision Jeff Skilling had was his Darwinist theory; that only the fittest people can survive, this was how he believed the world worked because he affirmed that money was the greatest motivator. This ethical trap lures people to abandon their values and it is used as a medium to justify unethical behaviors by making them look rewarding; however, according to the text Intro to Business Law, money contributes to happiness but does not equal it. This trap can make someones life easier but not happier, because it can provide amenities that increases ones life standards. On top of that, they world may consider this trap was the reason of Enrons bankruptcy. On a certain level it is because it was what the executives wanted but, the documentary lets us understand that is more than the money itself. Enron fell because of its people and their anti-values. The companys executives shared an Utilitarianistic vision of the end justify the means. Due to their arrogance, greed and pride they made un-ethical decisions to the point where they were determined to accomplish their goals regardless of the cost. In this way, they would justify their actions by doing something that is morally wrong just to take advantage of the situation. Enrons fell also left in evidence how media condescendly acted because they did not limit the lack of transparency there was since the beginning. Enron had personal relationships with media journalists, this resulted in the company having an influential image that led people to believe the company was doing well. Therefore, investors were more likely to give money to the company because of the image they represented. Overall, it is important to recognize that people need a moral path to guide themselves through life. In respect to Enron, their success was dependent on their ethics because they are the foundation of a long-term reputation; however, given its history, authorities should legislate to reprehend companies that deceive others. They should demand more transparency, create rules that protect pensioners and regulate the systems of control and auditing more strictly. By Ashley n Baez gomez Miami us florida

The building blocks of a tragic hero - 945 Words

Imperfection, manipulation and ignorance are the perfect ingredients for creating a tragic hero. A great example of a person displaying these traits would be no other than Othello, from William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†. Throughout the play, Othello is manipulated and as a result he becomes extremely jealous and angry with the ones he loves. Othello is easily manipulated by the conversations between Iago and himself. Othello’s tragedy is caused because of personal flaws, and misguided trust in others, which is evident as his dialect, and behaviours change throughout the play. Othello’s own flaws and insecurities; jealousy, rage, insecurities and misguided trust in others contribute to his tragic downfall. Othello begins to doubt his†¦show more content†¦In the end, Othello’s anger and mistrust, fuelled by Iago’s lies, leads to Othello’s tragic demise. Othello’s behaviour and dialect changes drastically throughout the play as a result of misguided trust in Iago. During the beginning of the play, Othello expresses his love for Desdemona. â€Å"I cannot speak enough of this content; / It stops me here; it is too much of joy. They kiss. And this, and this, the greatest discords be/ That e’er our hearts shall make.† (II.i.189-93) Othello is happy that he married Desdemona and he expresses his love openly for her. However, Othello’s behaviour changes as Iago’s influence causes him to become jealous and angry. â€Å"Hang her, I do but say what she is: so delicate with her needle, an admirable musician- O, she will sing the savageness out of bear- of so high and plenteous wit and invention-â€Å" (IV.i.183-86) Othello still feels love towards Desdemona but blinded by anger from false information, he allows himself to feel hatred and negative thoughts towards Desdemona, as seen in the change of his dial ect. As the play progresses, after Othello kills Desdemona, his attitude towards the situation changes drastically. â€Å"Of one that lov’d not wisely, but too well; Of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, Perplex’d in the extreme; of one whose hand, Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away.† (V.ii.340-43) Filled with guilt and remorseShow MoreRelatedLiviu Librescu: A Brief Biography840 Words   |  3 PagesThere have been many heroes who have impacted the world around us in many different ways. Some heroes have saved others from burning buildings or from crashes of airplanes or cars. One major hero in our society who had a significant impact was someone who saved twenty individual students’ lives during a large shooting. He was a professor at Virginia Tech at the time of when the shooting took place, and his name was Liviu Librescu. 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Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. Answer: Introduction The contemporary nursing profession is increasingly focusing on the patient rights and issues on shared decision making. Nurses are not only required to be accountable to their patients, but also to the public, their employers and other stakeholders. However, the application of these principles requires deep understanding of the culture and social issues facing the patient (Cherry and Jacob, 2016). The perspectives and cultures of the Aboriginal people play a critical role in the palliative care decision-making process. The multiplicity of players that influence this critical decision create a fertile ground for conflicts and legal conundrums (Crawley and Koffman, 2015). This is the situation that arose in the management of Tom, a patient who was placed in palliative care. The nurse in charge of Tom faces numerous professional and legal issues to deal with in the management of the patient. The primary duties of a nurse include the care of all patients, confidentiality, and autonomy. These duties are supplemented by the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. However, autonomy is complicated in cultures such as the Aboriginal society where the whole family (and sometimes including extended family) is needed to make the management decisions (Johnston, Vukic, and Parker, 2013). It obscures the process of informed consent when each of these members has differing opinions or understanding of the patient management. In the situation of Tom, the nurse needed to respect the palliative wishes of the patient in his management. These included the use of morphine/midazolam for the treatment of his pain or dyspnea and the regard of his medical registrars notes. However, the health of the patient is also deteriorating to the dislike of the family, and better supportive care need to be initiated. The biggest challenge is the person responsible for the final decisions of the patient. While the family is aware of the wishes of Tom for palliative care, they are also concerned about his deteriorating health. The person Tom had assigned to make decisions on his treatment and be his guardian, Cec, was present when Tom decided to use the morphine and be subjected to terminal care. Tom had also done an advanced care paper. However, the daughter wants to override these decision and uses her power as an attorney to implement the changes. She wants better treatment strategies for her father, which causes distress to the other family members. Her wishes are justified within the legal confines, but create a clinical conundrum in the management of the patient. The legal issues in the situation extends beyond the basic understanding of the law to the frameworks of the Aboriginal culture. Their indigenous life requires that family strength is maintained, and an effort to divide the family may be disrespectful (Duggleby, 2015 p. 1722). Consequently, the decision on the management of Tom will need to be collective and protracted. However, there is need to also maintain the professional nursing ethos and standards in applying the decisions from the family members on the health of the patient. At the end of the day, the nursing care provided to the patient are based on his best interests. Goals in the management of the patient The complication of Toms situation arose from the need of Carina to apply modern laws in a setting that is influenced by cultural forces. The fact that Tom has already gone back to the community and consulted with the other members means that the family is at peace with the palliative care process. It took consultation with the senior members of the society before agreeing to use the morphine treatment. However, Carina believes that the treatment is not appropriate for his deteriorating father, and uses her legal powers to override any prior consent. In such a situation, there is need for wide consultations between the family members and nurses to determine the most appropriate methods of managing the patient. The cultural issues surrounding the palliative care of Tom need to be considered while ensuring that professionalism is observed. Therefore, as a nurse in the hospital, there is need to establish appropriate palliative care aims that will be acceptable to the patient and improve the quality of life of the patient. The first basic principle is to ensure that Tom suffers the minimum pain possible. The use of morphine is intended to reduce the pain and dyspnea, but it has not dealt with the symptoms that were being experienced by the patient appropriately (Kamal et al., 2012). Tom has not improved on his long breath gaps and reduced appetite, which is beginning to cause concern with the family members. However, the patient was categorical on the morphine dosage to avoid drowsiness as he wants to spend the last moments with the family. As a palliative care nurse, the comfort and well-being of the patient are the core objectives. The fact that Toms symptoms are not improving is a cause of concern to both the nurse and the family members. Therefore, the use of supportive therapies to alleviate these symptoms is fundamental (Panaretto et al., 2014). It is imperative to discuss these issues with Carina and other family members to see if there is a need for other medical interventions. The nurse needs to plan a shared decision-making process with the family. This can help to identify the best medications to alleviate the symptoms. The palliative care should also aim to create a spiritual and emotional well-being of the patient and the caregivers. The process includes accommodating the friends, family, and community of Tom in the hospital according to their customs. These members had appreciated the significance of the palliative care provided to Tom before Carina came. It is also important that Carina also understands the plan and process of managing his father. The nurse has an obligation to understand Carinas perspective and inform her of the possible benefits and risks of the available options (Kelley and Morrison, 2015). This will lead to meaningful interactions, which will make the whole family understand any interventions and procedures incurred in the palliative care process. Carina will also understand that a higher dosage of morphine could reduce the observed symptoms, but might make her father drowsy. Course of action The end-of-life care is an emotional moment for the family members of the patient. The nurse in charge needs to establish a proper communication platform that can enable an appropriate exchange of information between the two parties. Communication is essentially vital in the situation facing Tom due to the cultural and social barriers to nursing care (Morton et al., 2017). The family could provide useful cues that might help in the management of the patient without creating any fears or discontent among the family members. The first course of action would be a brief highlight of the events that led to the present care of the patient. As Carina was not there initially, she would have missed the reasons her father is being subjected to palliative care. However, the Aboriginal societies are family-oriented (Lau et al., 2012).Any decisions or insights from the discussion with carina need to be approved by the other family members. Therefore, it is important to involve the family members in the management plan of Tom in this situation. Deliberations between the members will lead to a common ground that can inform the future management of Tom. Shared decision making will inform the willingness of the Aboriginal members to accept and adopt the palliative care plans. Satisfaction services might improve the perceptions of these indigenous groups to palliative care (Shahid et al., 2013). One of the issues that had made Tom skeptical of the palliative care was the morphine effects observed in another member of the community, Aunty Joyce. However, the little doses of morphine that Tom is receiving at the moment are not helping to alleviate his symptoms. The sharing of evidence-based decision with family members such as Carina will help improve their knowledge on the available options and improve the accuracy of their expectations on the possible harms or benefits (Hohler and Faan, 2017). The nurse also needs to develop a therapeutic plan to address the symptoms that Tom is experiencing. These medications can help to alleviate the symptoms such as shortness of breath and missing meals. However, this needs to be based on evidence-medicine and wide consultations with the family (Becker, 2016). The discussions with the family could also expose cues to other possible medications that Tom might have used in the past. Nevertheless, the plan should ensure that the wishes of Tom as the patient are respected, and the nursing professionalism is maintained throughout the process. Conclusion The management of Tom is surrounded by cultural, ethical and legal dilemmas. The goals of the management of Tom should include alleviation of the symptoms he experiences, and the fostering of an appropriate spiritual and physical environment for the transition. 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